Kralj Sigismund in kraljica Barbara ustanovita Red zmaja
Kot dodaten vir in dopolnilo, ki nastaja ob razstavi “ABC Arhivska Barbara Celjska”, objavljamo prevod listine o ustanovitvi Reda zmaja. Listino, ki jo hrani Madžarski državni arhiv v Budimpešti je s pričujočo spletno objavo privič mogoče prebrati v celoti v slovenskem jeziku, dodan pa je tudi prevod v angleški jezik.
Razstava, ki nastaja v produkciji Zgodovinskega arhiva Celje in Pokrajinskega muzeja Celje ter katere avtor je dr. Aleksander Žižek, bo predstavila 16 izbranih reprodukcij listin, ki jih hranijo: Madžarski državni arhiv v Budimpešti, Hrvaški državni arhiv v Zagrebu, Državni arhiv v Varaždinu, Arhiv hrvaške akademije znanosti in umetnosti v Zagrebu ter Arhiv Republike Slovenije. Eden od glavnih ciljev razstave je vrniti v interpretacije zgodovine “abecedo” zgodovinopisja, predvsem povratek k obravnavi virov, ki so sodobni predmetu raziskave. Z vključevanjem novih in doslej zelo slabo poznanih arhivskih virov bi se radi ognili obravnave zgodovine na podlagi že ukoreninjenih mitoloških izročil. Celjski, ob tem pa Barbara, so nazoren primer tega, kako so bili namesto primarnih virov v ospredju oblikovanja podob preteklosti vedno bolj mitološko prežeti literarni viri.
Kralj Sigismund in kraljica Barbara ustanovita Red zmaja*
Signatura:Madžarski državni arhiv Budimpešta (Magyar Országos Levéltár), 9470; Q 308 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Regnicolaris levéltárból (N) • Archivum regni, Különböző állagok (Q 308)
Original, pergament 65 x 35,5 cm, latinski j., gotica, pečatenje z visečimi pečati (pečati manjkajo)
Datum: 1408 XII 12., Buda
Sigismund, po božji milosti kralj Ogrske, Dalmacije, Hrvaške, /…/ Galicije,Poljske, Kumanije in Bolgarije, mejni grof Brandenburški, glavni komornik Svetega rimskega cesarstva, dedič Češke in Luksemburga, in Barbara, kraljica omenjenih kraljestev, soproga gospoda kralja Sigismunda, izrekata vsem zvestim v Kristusu – sedanjim in prihodnjim, ki bodo to brali, pozdrav v Odrešenikovem imenu. /…/
Svoje srce in srca naših zvestih spodbujamo k hvali, slavi in povzdigovanju imena našega odrešenika in zveličarja Jezusa Kristusa, sina živega boga, ki je po sprejetju krhke človeške telesnosti s svojim prečastitim trpljenjem posvetil zastavo živega križa za rešitev naše bede – tega najsvetejšega križa, ki ga je /…/ Jezus Kristus v uničenje peklenskih okov ponesel po svojem vstajenju od mrtvih. Verujoč v Boga in odrešilno božjo pomoč ter v s skrivnostjo obdan križ, je najslavnejši božji bojevnik, blagoslovljeni mučenik Jurij, premagal starega sovražnika, ujetega zmaja, očeta peklenskih zlob, ki je prišel k njemu – ranil ga je s kopjem in poteptal na zemljo. Presveta gospa in mučenica Marjeta, ki so jo izročili Kristusovim sovražnikom in jo je zmaj požrl, je stopila iz njega nepoškodovana, ko so zmaja presekali podolgem, ker je verovala in slavila križ.
Skupaj s prelati, baroni in velikaši našega kraljestva, ki jih vodimo pri sodelovanju na tem zboru, v znamenje našega čistega prizadevanja za pregon pogubnih naslednikov tega zahrbtnega sovražnika in starega zmaja – namreč poganskih vojska in razkolnikov drugih narodov, sovražnikov prave vere, Kristusovega križa in naših kraljestev, mi in zvesti baroni našega kraljestva izberemo, sprejmemo in se zavezujemo, da bomo javno nosili kot skupno enotno insignijo znak oziroma podobo zmaja, zvitega v krog, ki si ovija svoj rep okoli goltanca; njegov hrbet je podolgem razparan od glave do konca repa, v beli izkrvaveli rani pa nosi rdeči križ na belem polju, kakršnega običajno nosijo in imajo tisti, ki se borijo pod zastavo sv. Jurija.
Podpisani naši baroni in velikaši našega kraljestva (so tisti), zvesti iz mladosti, časa našega srečnega kronanja, s katerimi vladamo zaradi njihovih zrelih nasvetov, hrabrih dejanj in pomoči, (tisti,) ki nam želijo ugajati in si iskreno prizadevajo ne samo v času naših tegob in porazov, ampak tudi pri povečevanju naših koristi /…/, (tisti,) ki so se srčno borili proti našim sovražnikom, tako v naših kraljestvih kakor izven njih, (opravljali) zveste junaške službe (in imajo) vidne zasluge v vseh delih našega kraljestva, v vseh stiskah in uspešnih odpravah in dejanjih, kot tudi (tisti) ki so nam z nasvetom stali ob strani. Spodaj podpisane zveste barone našega kraljestva, ter vse druge, ki nosijo omenjeni naš Red zmaja, sprejemamo in jim obljubljamo v naši dobri veri izkazovati čast, veljavo ter jih povzdigovati, čisto in pravično, kot se spodobi. Obljubljamo, da bomo odkrito ravnali z vdovami in sirotami teh, kiso po božji volji odšli s tega sveta, v premoženjskih in drugih pravicah in kakršnihkoli sporih, kakor da bi bile to naše lastne sirote in vdove. Obljubljamo, da jih bomo podpirali in varovali pred vsemi napadalci in temi, ki jih hočejo nadlegovati; kolikor je mogoče bomo lajšali njihovo breme in jih varovali pred škodo, težavami in drugimi grozečimi nevarnostmi.
Če kdo izmed članov tega reda iz kakršnegakoli vzroka pade v nemilost našega veličanstva, takrat proti njemu ne bomo ravnali odločno ali strastno, temveč smo dolžni to oznaniti zvestim baronom omenjenega reda. Naši baroni tega reda so dolžni našemu veličanstvu (zagotoviti) popolno podporo v sporu s članom reda, mi pa s tem, kar baroni sklenejo, soglašamo in sprejmemo.
Mi, omenjena gospa kraljica Barbara, prav tako sprejemamo to listino v naši dobri veri, se ji zaobljubljamo in sprejemamo vse in vsako posebej, k čemur se je zavezal naš gospod kralj Sigismund, naš najdražji soprog, za vse večne čase s čisto mislijo, nedotaknjeno, ravnaje na podlagi nasvetov in usmeritve zvestih baronov.
Mi, despot Štefan, gospod Srbije; Herman, grof Celjski in Zagorski, njegov sin grof Friderik, Nikola Gorjanski, ogrski palatin; Stibor s Stiboric, sicer sedmograški vojvoda; Jan, sin Henrika s Tamasija in Jakob Lack s Szanta – oba sedmograški vojvodi; Jan Maroti, mačvanski ban; Pipo z Ozora, severinski ban; Nikolaj s Seče, dvorni točaj; grof Karel Krbavski, najvišji kraljevi zakladnik; Simon, sin bana Kona s Sečijan, upravitelj jezov; grof Jan Krbavski, upravitelj kuhinje; Jan, sin Gregorja z Alsan, dvorni točaj; Peter Čech z Levic, dvorni hlevar; Nikolaj Čak, sedmograški vojvoda; Pavel Besenyji,[1] Pavel Pecsi – oba pred tem bana Dalmacije, Hrvaške in Slavonije; Mihal, sin Šalamona z Nadasdyja (Sarvarja), župan kraljevskih Sikulov;[2] Peter s Perina, pred tem župan Sikulov, sedaj župan Marmaroški; Emrih s Perina, tajni kraljevski kancler in Jan, sin gospoda Nikole Gorjanskega. Mi, baroni teh kraljestev, izvoljeni v to družbo, zdravo razmišljajoč, kako dobronamerno in s častmi, resnostjo in prijaznostjo nas podpirata omenjeni gospod kralj Sigismund in gospa kraljica Barbara, zavedajoč se tudi, da nosi naš gospod kralj našo zvesto službo ter službo naših sorodnikov in prijateljev, povezano s prelivanjem krvi, shranjeno v svojem srcu. Nagradil nas je z mnogimi dobrinami, kraljevsko milostjo in doslej na podlagi ukazanih naših služb, kot se spodobi, povišal in ustregel našim potrebam. /…/ Z iskreno zvestobo in enako voljo na isti način obljubljamo, da se brez hinavščine in prevare obvezujemo ohranjati omenjenemu našemu gospodu in njegovi ženi ter njunemu potomstvu obeh spolov, pravo poslušnost in stalno zvestobo, jim izkazovati zvesto službo in jih podpirati v vseh dobrih dejanjih. Gospo kraljico pa bomo – če se zgodi, da ostane vdova po omenjenem našem gospodu kralju Sigismundu – bodisi s potomstvom ali brez, v vseh naših gospostvih in posestvih varovali in branili iskreno po naših možnostih. V dobri veri obljubljamo, da bomo v polni meri podpirali vse, kar bo prispevalo k povečanju časti naše družbe (reda), utrjevanju in ohranjanju njenega položaja ter tega, kar bomo počeli. Nadalje bomo gospoda kralja, gospo kraljico in njune potomce zvesto podpirali in branili, ohranjali tajnost tajnih posvetov, prav tako obljubljamo, da bomo baroni in cela naša družba po svojih močeh v božjo čast ohranjali pravo in čisto bratstvo.
Če bi se kdorkoli izmed nas /…/ sprl z drugim (iz tega reda),[3] tedaj /…/ moramo to oznaniti gospodu kralju in drugim baronom. Kar skupno odločijo kralj in baroni, se mora spoštovati. Če kdo mimo te družbe (reda) z drugim začne z vojno, tedaj se naj kralj in baroni skupaj odločijo, če se mu[4] naj nudi podpora, nasvet ali vojaška pomoč. Katerikoli naš član, ki je v sporu, mora spoštovati naš dogovor, ki ga je sklenil s kraljem in nami.
Če bomo lahko sprejemali kakršnekoli zakone, dobre in pravične novosti v javno dobro, korist, razcvet in povzdigo omenjenih kraljestev, moramo to poskušati delati skupaj in z največjo skrbjo ter trudom. Mi, omenjeni kralj, vsem baronom naše družbe obljubljamo, da nikoli ne bomo kakšnega posveta, odločanja ali zborovanja, ki se tiče naše družbe, izvedli z manj kot 5 osebami.
Da bi lahko ta naša kraljestva pred pogani boljše branili in varovali, se v dobri veri zavezujemo, da bomo sprejeli vse, kar bi lahko prispevalo k obrambi. Proti poganom želimo delovati z vsemi silami. Omenjeni baroni in cela družba obljubljamo v dobri veri, da hočemo z nasvetom in pomočjo našega gospoda kralja in njegovih naslednikov ter namestitvijo naših ljudi, brez obotavljanja – vedno z veseljem in ustrežljivo, skrbeti za obrambo, tako proti tem poganom kakor tudi proti drugim, ki bi hoteli škodovati našim kraljestvom. (To bomo storili) tako, da bomo na mesto, na katero bo kralj v obrambo teh kraljestev poslal kogarkoli iz te družbe, poslali pomoč in podporo, kar naj se zgodi po posvetu (dogovoru) kralja in baronov tega reda.
Če bomo hoteli v ta red sprejeti visokorodne, pogumne gospode, bomo vedno imeli polno, svobodno pravico, da jih sprejmemo. Če bomo koga sprejeli, hočemo, da prihaja na posvete in ga bomo podpirali, varovali in branili v smislu teh pravil. Ko novosprejeti član priseže, da bo popolnoma in nepreklicno spoštoval vse in vsako posamezno določbo ter ohranjal in spoštoval vse, kar sklenemo mi in baroni tega reda, mora tudi delovati na osnovi tega.
Če po preteku leta /…/ katerikoli izmed baronov umre, tedaj /…/ smo dolžni izvoliti za barona drugega iz reda in poskrbeti za baronstvo.[5] Ko kak baron iz tega reda umre, se ostali baroni po možnosti snidejo na pogrebu pokojnika. Kdorkoli ne pride ali zaradi ovir ne more priti, dá za dušni mir umrlega za 30 maš. Čimhitreje mora za vsako mašo plačati po 4 velike denarje /…/ kot izraz žalosti pa mora en dan nositi žalno obleko. Ko dan mine, naj da obleko revnemu beraču. Hočemo tudi, da vsak petek vsak član reda nosi črno obleko. Kdor tega ne stori, mora dati za 5 maš v slavo petih Kristusovih ran za plačilo 4 denarjev za vsako mašo.
Če kdo iz reda opisani znak zmaja kak dan pozabi nositi, mora dati za 5 maš, za vsako mašo pa mora plačati 4 denarje. Če katerikoli član iz slabosti, strahu ali v ujetništvu tega znaka ne more nositi, za to ne bo kaznovan. Če kdo znak izgubi, ne bo kaznovan zaradi nenošenja, dokler si ga spet ne priskrbi.
Določamo, naj tudi bodoči ogrski kralji ob kronanju s kraljevsko krono prevzamejo in sprejmejo znak tega reda, in da ti kralji med kronanjem in prisego o spoštovanju zakonov ter deželnih običajev, prisežejo in v dobri veri obljubijo, da bodo ta red v vseh členih ohranjali in utrjevali.
In mi, omenjeni kralj Sigismund, kraljica Barbara, baroni kraljestva in ves zbor omenjenega reda se zavezujemo, /…/ obljubljamo in se pridružujemo temu v dobri veri, dotikajoč se lesa zveličavnega križa, da bomo vse zgoraj omenjeno (dogovorjeno), čisto in brez prevar in zvijač, nedotaknjeno ohranjali s to listino. V spomin tej zadevi in v večno trdnost dajemo mi, kralj Sigismund in kraljica Barbara, z našim trdnim namenom /…/ pečatiti ta privilegij z avtentičnima obešenima pečatoma in pečati naših baronov tega reda. Dano z roko našega častivrednega očeta v Kristusu, našega ljubega in zvestega gospoda Eberharda, varadinskega škofa, našega najvišjega kanclerja, leta Gospodovega 1408, dan pred decembrskimi idami, v 20. letu našega ogrskega kraljevanja.
Prevod iz slovaškega jezika: Tone Kregar
* Pramene k dejinám Slovenska a Slovákov. Bratislava 2001; Král Žigmund spolu s královnou Barborou zriaduje Dračí rád; str. 146-151.
[1] Lastnik gradu Torna (Turna nad Bodvou na Slovaškem). Rolanda Fugger Germadnik, Barbara Celjska (1392-1451). Pokrajinski muzej Celje, 2010; str. 35.
[2] Solina?
[3] Članom reda.
[4] Temu zavezniku, ki je v vojni.
[5] Naziv, posestvo.
King Sigismund and queen Barbara found The Order of the Dragon*
Document reference: National Archives of Hungary, Budapest (Magyar Országos Levéltár), 9470; Q 308 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Regnicolaris levéltárból (N) • Archivum regni, Különböző állagok (Q 308)
Original, parchment 65 x 35.5 cm, Latin, Gothic, pendant seals (missing)
Date: 1408 XII 12, Buda
Sigismund, by the mercy of God the King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, /…/, Galicia, Poland, Kumanija, and Bulgarian, Margrave of Brandenburg, Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire, heir to Bohemia and Luxembourg, and Barbara, the Queen of the said kingdoms, the spouse of his Lordship King Sigismund, extend to all loyal in Christ – present and future who are to read this, a salutation in the name of the Saviour. /…/
We encourage our hear and the hearts of those loyal to us to praise, worship and exalt the name of our Saviour and the Redeemer Jesus Christ, the son of the living God, who after accepting the brittle human corporeality sanctified with his venerated suffering the banner of the living Cross for the salvation of our misery – the holiest of crosses that /…/ Jesus Christ, to the destruction of the chains and fetters of hell, lifted and carried after his resurrection. With faith in God, in the redemptive grace of God, and in the Cross veiled in mystery, God’s most famed warrior, the blessed martyr George, slew the old adversary, the captured dragon, the father of infernal malice, who came to him – he wounded him with his spear and trampled it into the ground. Our Lady and martyr Margaret, turned over to the enemies of the Christ and devoured by the dragon, emerged from him unharmed when the dragon’s gut was slit open lengthwise, because she had believed in and worshipped the Cross.
Along with prelates, barons, and magnates of our Kingdom whom we lead in their participation at this assembly, as a sign of our pure quest to persecute the condemned successors of this treacherous enemy and old dragon – the pagan armies and schismatics of other nations, enemies of the true faith, the Cross of the Christ and our Kingdoms, we and faithful barons and magnates of our Kingdom shall bear and have, and do choose and agree to wear and bear, in the manner of society, the sign or effigy of the Dragon incurved into the form of a circle, its tail winding around its neck, divided through the middle of its back along its length from the top of its head right to the tip of its tail, with blood [forming] a red cross flowing out into the interior of the cleft by a white crack, untouched by blood, just as and in the same way that those who fight under the banner of the glorious martyr St George.[1]
The undersigned barons and magnates of our Kingdom (are they who are) faithful from our youth, the time of our fortunate and blessed coronation, with whom we rule for their sage advice, acts of valour and charity, (they) who wish to please us and who honestly endeavour not only during our misfortunes and defeats, but also in enhancing our benefits /…/ (they) who fought courageously against our foes both within our kingdoms and beyond, (performed) loyal heroic service (and have) evident merit in all parts of our Kingdom, in all misfortunes and successful expeditions and acts, as well as (those) who have stood by our side with their advice. The undersigned faithful barons of our Kingdom and all others bearing our Order of the Dragon are embraced and to them we promise in our good faith to do the honour and exalt them, purely and justly, in due manner. We hereby vow to treat fairly the widows and orphans of those who leave this world by the mercy of God, with regard to any rights, property or otherwise, and any disputes, as if they were our own orphans and widows. We vow to support them and protect them from any invaders and those who look to molest them; we shall relieve them of their burdens to the best of our efforts and we shall protect them from harm, woes, and other imminent threats.
Should any member of this order fall into disgrace with our majesty, then we shall not act against him decisively or passionately, but we shall rather be obliged to announce such occurrence to the loyal barons of the said Order. Our barons of this Order shall (provide) to our Majesty full support in the dispute with the member of the Order and we shall agree with and accept what the barons decide.
I, the said Lady Queen Barbara, also accept this edict in good faith, vow to it and accept it, each and every one, to which our Lord King Sigismund, my beloved husband, has also vowed, always and evermore with pure thought, innocent, acting as advised and directed by our faithful barons.
I, despot Stefan, the Lord of Serbia; Herman, the Count of Celje and Zagorje; his son Count Friderik; Nicholas II Garay (Garai Miklós II), the Palatine of Hungary; Stibor of Stiboricz, the Voivode of Transylvania; John (Tamási János), son of Henry Tamási, and James (Iacob) Lacković (Lack) of Szántó – both the Voivodes of Transylvania; John (János) Morović (Maróti), Banus (Ban) of Mačva (Macsó); Pipo of Ozora, Ban of Syrmia (Szörvény); Nicholas (Miklós) Széchy, buttler/steward; Count Charles (Karl) of Krbava (de Corbavia, Korbáviai), supreme treasurer; Simon Széchény, guardian of the gates; Count john (Jan) of Krbava (Corbavia), master of the court; John Alsáni, son of George, cupbearer; Peter Lévai Cseh, equerry; Nicholas Csáki, Voivode of Transylvania; Paul of Bissen (Besenyő)[2] and Paul de Pegh (Pécsi), both former bans (viceroys) of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia; Nicholas Nádasdi, son of Solomon, prefect of the royal Sikuli (Szekleri, Szekelyi);[3] Peter of Perényi, previously the prefect of Sikuli, now the prefect of Marmaroc; Emeric of Perényi, secret counsellor; and John, son of Lord Nicholas Garay. We, the barons of these Kingdoms, elected into this company, sanely considering the benevolence and honour, solemnity and kindness that we are supported with by the Lord King Sigismund and the Lady Queen Barbara, also aware that our Lord King bears our loyal service and the service of our kin an friends, related to bloodshed, in his heart. He has rewarded us with many goods, royal grace, and to date based on the mandated services of ours, as it is becoming, promoted us and accommodated our needs. /…/ With sincere loyalty and equal will in the same way we vow and commit without hypocrisy or treachery to maintain true obedience and permanent faithfulness to our Lord and his wife and their offspring of both genders, to provide our loyal service and to support them in all good acts. Should our Queen be widowed, with offspring or without, we shall protect and defend her honestly and as we best can, in all our dominions and estates. We vow in good faith to fully support all that will contribute to elevation of the honour of society (order), strengthening and maintaining its position and our endeavours. Furthermore, we shall faithfully support and defend our Lord King, our Lady Queen, and their offspring; we shall keep secret our secret deliberations; and we vow that we the barons and our entire society will, best we can, to the honour of God, maintain true and pure brotherhood.
Should any one of us /…/ find himself in a dispute with another (of this order),[4] then /…/ we shall announce such dispute to the Lord King and other barons. The decision of the King and the barons shall be honoured and complied with. Should anyone start a war with another without consulting this society (order), then the King and the barons shall jointly decide whether to support him,[5] by advice or military assistance. Any member of ours who is in dispute shall honour our agreement made with the King and with us.
If we are to adopt any laws, sound and just, novel, serving the public good, benefit, flourishing, and elevation of the said kingdoms, we shall seek to do so together and with utmost care and effort. I, the said King, vow to all barons of our society never to conduct any deliberation, decision-making or assembly regarding our society, without at least five persons present.
In order to be able to protect our kingdoms from the pagans and infidels, I commit in good faith to adopt anything that could contribute to defence. I wish to act against the pagans and infidels with all our force. The said barons and the entire society vow in good faith that we will, with advice and with support of our Lord King and his successors, and by deploying our men, without hesitation – always willingly and obligingly, provide defence against these pagans or infidels as well as against others who would set out to harm our kingdoms. (We shall do this) by sending support to the place to which the King may send any one from this society to defend these kingdoms, which shall take place following a consultation (agreement) between the king and the barons of this order.
If we wish to welcome noble high-born gentlemen into this order, we shall always have the full and free right to do so. If anyone is admitted, we shall request that he come to assemblies and we shall support him, protect and defend as laid down in these rules. When the newly accepted member vows to fully and irrevocably honour each and every provision hereof and to maintain and honour everything decided by the King and the barons of this order, he shall act accordingly.
If after a year /…/ any of the barons should die, than /…/ we shall appoint as baron another one from the order, and bestow upon him the title and estate of a baron.[6] When any of the barons of this order dies, the other barons, if possible, shall meet at the funeral of the deceased. Whoever does not attend or is unable to do so, shall donate 30 holy masses for the salvation of the soul of the deceased. As soon as possible, he shall pay four large guldens for each mass /…/ as an expression of mourning, he shall wear a mourning garment for one day. After that day, he shall present the garment to a poor beggar. We also wish that every Friday each member of our order wear a black garment. Whoever fails to do so, shall donate five masses to worship the five wounds of Jesus Christ, paying four large guldens for each mass.
Should anyone of this order forget on any day to wear the sign of the dragon, he shall donate five holy masses, paying four large guldens for each mass. Should any member not be able to wear the sign due to illness, fear, or captivity, he shall not be punished. Should anyone lose the sign, he shall not be punished for not wearing it until he is provided a new one.
We also order that the future Kings of Hungary upon coronation with the Hungarian crown adopt and accept the sign of this order, and that these Kings during the coronation and oath of obedience of the laws and the customs of the lands also vow in good faith and promise to uphold and strengthen this order in all articles.
And we, the said King Sigismund and Queen Barbara, barons of the Kingdom, and the entire assembly of the said order, vow, /…/ promise and join this in good faith, as we touch the wood of the Saving Cross, to maintain all of the above (agreed), purely and without deceit or treachery, intact with this charter. In memory and eternal solidity hereof, we, King Sigismund and Queen Barbara, with our solid intent /…/ hereby seal this privilege with authentic pendant seals and the seals of our barons of this order. Conveyed by the hand of our honourable father in Christ, our beloved and faithful Lord Eberhardt, the Bishop of Varadin, our supreme chancellor, in the year of the Lord 1408, on this day before the Ides of December, in the 20th year of our Hungarian reign.
Translated by: Igor Feketija, Lingua Service
* Pramene k dejinám Slovenska a Slovákov. Bratislava 2001; Král Žigmund spolu s královnou Barborou zriaduje Dračí rád; str. 146-151.
[1] Boulton, The Knights of the Crown, p. 350.
[2] The owner of the Torna castle (Turňa nad Bodvou, Slovakia) Rolanda Fugger Germadnik, Barbara Celjska (1392–1451). Celje Regional Museum, 2010; p. 35
[3] Solina?
[4] Another member of the order.
[5] The ally who is in war.
[6] Title, estate.